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This episode was recorded on September 13th, 2026 at the Culture Center Theater in Charleston, WV. The lineup includes Tony Trischka's EarlJam feat. Michael Daves, Buffalo Wabs & The Price Hill Hustle, Sarah Borges, and Jack Barksdale. https://bit.ly/4hZ8aXH

In 1973, a massive manhunt in New York's Adirondack Mountains ended when police captured a man named Robert Garrow. And that’s when this story really gets started.In this episode, that we first released in 2016, we consider a string of barbaric crimes by a hated man, and the attorney who, when called to defend him, also wound up defending a core principle of our legal system. When Frank Armani learned his client’s most gruesome secrets, he made a morally startling decision that stunned the world and goes to the heart of what it means to be a defense attorney – how far should lawyers go to provide the best defense to the worst people?NOTE: This episode contains graphic descriptions of sexual assault and violence, listener discretion is advised.Special thanks to Tom Alibrandi, author of Privileged Information, with Frank Armani, Laurence Gooley, author of Terror in the Adirondacks: The True Story of Serial Killer Robert F. Garrow, Charl Bader and the students in her Criminal Defense Clinic at Fordham University, Leslie Levin and the students in her Legal Profession class at The University of Connecticut School of Law, Clark D. Cunningham at Georgia State University College of Law, Debra Armani, Mary Armani, Lohr McKinstry, Tom Scozzafava, Stephanie Jenkins, Brian Farrell, Jennifer Brumback and Nick Capodice. EPISODE CREDITS:Reported by – Brenna Farrellwith help from – Simon AdlerProduced by – Matt Kielty and Brenna FarrellEPISODE CITATIONS:Sworn to Silence: The Truth Behind Robert Garrow and the Missing Bodies' Case, by Jim Tracey.Sign up for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Signup (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)!Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today.Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On the occasion of his 100th birthday, hosts Jim DeRogatis and Greg Kot pay tribute to Chuck Berry. They talk with writers Ed Ward and RJ Smith to assess Berry's place in the creation of rock n roll. They also talk with the session drummer who played with Berry in his final Chicago concert. Join our Facebook Group: https://bit.ly/3sivr9TBecome a member on Patreon: https://bit.ly/3slWZvcSign up for our newsletter: https://bit.ly/4frcVZoMake a donation via PayPal: https://bit.ly/3dmt9lUSend us a Voice Memo: Desktop: bit.ly/2RyD5Ah  Mobile: sayhi.chat/soundops Featured Songs:Chuck Berry, "Johnny B. Goode," Johnny B. Goode (Single), Chess, 1958The Beatles, "With A Little Help From My Friends," Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Parlophone, 1967Chuck Berry, "Roly Poly," After School Session, Chess, 1957Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five, "Ain't That Just Like a Woman (They'll Do It Every Time)," (Single), Decca, 1946Joe Alexander and the Cubans, "Oh Maria," I Hope These Words Will Find You Well (Single), , 1954Chuck Berry, "You Can't Catch Me," After School Session, Chess, 1957Chuck Berry, "Almost Grown," Berry Is on Top, Chess, 1959Chuck Berry, "Thirty Days (To Come Back Home)," Thirty Days (To Come Back Home) (Single), Chess, 1955Muddy Waters, "She's All Right," She's All Right (Single), Chess, 1953Chuck Berry, "Deep Feeling," After School Session, Chess, 1957Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys, "Ida Red," Ida Red (Single), Vocalion, 1939Chuck Berry, "Maybellene," Maybellene (Single), Chess, 1955Chuck Berry, "Carol," Carol (Single), Chess, 1958Chuck Berry, "Blues #1," Rock And Roll Music – Any Old Way You Choose It (The Complete Studio Recordings … Plus!), Chess, 2014Chuck Berry, "You Never Can Tell," St. Louis to Liverpool, Chess, 1964The Beach Boys, "Surfin' U.S.A.," Surfin' U.S.A., Capitol, 1963The Beatles, "I Saw Her Standing There," I Want to Hold Your Hand (Single), Capitol, 1963Bob Dylan, "Subterranean Homesick Blues," Bringing It All Back Home, Columbia, 1965Rolling Stones, "Brown Sugar," Sticky Fingers, Rolling Stones, 1971Simon and Garfunkel, "Kodachrome / Mabellene," The Concert in Central Park (Live), Geffen, 1982Nina Simone, "Brown Eyed Handsome Man," High Priestess of Soul, Phillips, 1967T. Rex, "Get It On," Electric Warrior, Reprise, 1971Bruce Springsteen, "From Small Things (Big Things One Day Come)," The Ties That Bind: The River Collection, Columbia, 1980Emmylous Harris, "(You Never Can Tell) C'est La Vie," Luxury Liner, Warner Bros, 1976Sex Pistols, "Johnny B. Goode," The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle, Virgin, 1979Buck Owens, "Johnny B. Goode," Buck Owens in London "Live", Capitol, 1969Peter Tosh, "Johnny B. Goode," Mama Africa, EMI, 1983Judas Priest, "Johnny B. Goode," Ram It Down, Columbia, 1988LL Cool J, "Go Cut Creator Go," Bigger and Deffer, Def Jam, 1987Chuck Berry, "Nadine (Is It You)," Nadine (Single), Chess, 1964Stevie Wonder, "Sir Duke," Songs In The Key Of Life, Tamla, 1976See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The tiny moons of Mars are hard to explain. Scientists aren’t sure how they formed and how they wound up in their current orbits. But a Japanese mission that launched this month could settle the conundrum. The mission is MMX – Mars Moons Exploration. It will scan both Phobos and Deimos – chunks of rock the size of a small city. And it will land on Phobos, gathering samples for return to Earth. Both moons are dark, like a class of asteroids. In fact, astronomers long suspected they were captured asteroids. In this scenario, rocky “leftovers” from the birth of the planets flew close to Mars. The planet was surrounded by a cloud of gas and dust. As Phobos and Deimos passed through it, the cloud acted as a brake, slowing them enough for Mars to grab them. But it’s not easy for a planet to capture an asteroid. And the orbits of the moons aren’t like those of the captured asteroids of the giant outer planets. So scientists came up with another model: a giant impact. A massive space rock could have slammed into Mars, blasting out material that formed a ring around the equator. The debris coalesced to form several small moons. Phobos and Deimos are the only survivors. In yet another scenario, Mars captured a single large asteroid. It was sheared apart by Martian gravity, creating a ring that gave birth to Phobos and Deimos. MMX will arrive at Mars next year – a big step toward solving the mystery of the Martian moons.   Script by Damond Benningfield

It's a spotlight on our favorite Cuban music!  Featured artists include Orishas, Los Van Van, Los Zafiros and more.  

A bank robber on an undercover mission. A teenage girl with the powers of a tiger. A vigilante seeking vengeance in Ciudad Juárez. All have secret identities — but not all of them chose those identities for themselves. Start a Life Partners free trial to watch our new video, A Night of Stories and Improv.(00:00:00) Prologue: Ira attempts to solve perhaps the most unsolvable mystery at the Trees of Mystery in California: Who is the voice of Paul Bunyan? (7 minutes)(00:07:25) Act One: If you ever think about assuming a secret identity, you may want to take a little time to consider the possible consequences. Jon Ronson tells the tale of a bank robber who absolutely does not take that advice. (22 minutes)(00:31:39) Act Two: Elna Baker shares a story about her teenage cousin, Navey Baker, who maintains a secret identity while being a public figure: she's the school mascot, a tiger, at her high school. (11 minutes)(00:42:33) Act Three: While we were putting together this week's show, we heard about a real-life Avenger with a secret identity in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Writer Yuri Herrera lived on the border for several years and spent a lot of time in Juarez. He went back there to see what effect this secret Avenger has had on the city. (13 minutes)Transcripts are available at thisamericanlife.org / This American Life privacy policy. / Learn more about sponsor message choices.